Chemical bond it may include covalent bonds, weak secondary bonds, ionic bond and hydrogen bond etc. Pertinent theories include the electronic, adsorption, wetting, diffusion and fracture theory. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved 67. Various theories of adhesion have been suggested, but none has still. Mucoadhesion of progesteroneloaded drug delivery nanofiber.
They are electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fracture theory. Mucoadhesion or bioadhesion is defined as the attachment of synthetic or biological macromolecules to biological tissue. Mucoadhesive materials are typically hydrophilic macromolecules containing numerous hydrogen bond forming groups, the carbomers, cellulose derivatives and chitosans being wellknown examples. The substance that faciliate permeation through buccal mucosa are referred as permeation enhancers. Theories of bioadhesion6,7 the theoretical framework for polymer polymer adhesion can be easily extended to describe the bioadhesion of polymeric materials with biological surfaces. Mucoadhesive materials are typically hydrophilic macromolecules containing. Mucoadhesion is said to occur when two surfaces, one of which is a mucous membrane, adhere to each other. Theories of adhesion there are six general theories of adhesion, which have been adapted for the investigation of mucoadhesion 6,1820. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved12. Theories of mucoadhesion mucoadhesive materials and drug. Mucoadhesive materials and drug delivery systems wiley. The use of mucoadhesive drug delivery system with enzyme inhibitor had been developed to overcome the barrier in the peptide and protein delivery. Theories of mucoadhesion various theories exist to explain at least some of the experimental observations made during the bioadhesion process.
The wetting theory is perhaps the oldest established theory of adhesion. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostaticic theory, and fracture theory. Theories and factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery. Mucoadhesion, theories, factors affecting mucoadhesion, vaginal drug. This multiauthor book provides an uptodate account of current research on mucoadhesive materials and drug delivery systems. These theories do not provide the whole explanation of the mechanism of mucoadhesion. Unfortunately, each theoretical model can only explain a limited number of the diverse range of interactions that constitute the bioadhesive bond. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved. Mucoadhesion theories the union between a mucosal surface is named mucoadhesion. The contact angle and time of contact plays a significant role in mucoadhesion. The electronic theory suggests that electron transfer occurs upon contact of adhering surfaces due to differences in their electronic structure. Since the early 1980,the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical. A general mechanism of mucoadhesion drug delivery system is show in figure the mucoadhesive must spread over the substrate to initiate close contact and increase surface contact, promoting the diffusion of its chains within the mucus. The scientists favours to split the mucoadhesive process into consecutive steps, each.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system delivery system international. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion pdf. Wetting theory diffusion theory fracture theory the electronic theory the adsorption theory harsulkar, et. Since the early 1980s the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology. These theories include mechanicalinterlocking, electrostatic, diffusioninterpenetration, adsorption and fracture processes. When it is applied to mucosal epithelium bioadhesive interaction occurs primarily with mucus layer and this is called as mucoadhesion. It prolongs the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application. The role of mucoadhesion in the perception and sensory characterisation of food products is becoming more apparent.
Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic. These theories are depending upon the longestablished theories of polymer and metallic adhesive12. Mucoadhesion, the state in which two materials, amongst which one is biological in nature, adhere to each other for extended periods of time with the help of interfacial forces, provides an attractive strategy to overcome the hurdles of conventional drug delivery systems including first pass metabolism, and localized delivery of biomolecules including proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides. Request pdf theories and factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. These general theories are not particularly useful in establishing a mechanistic base to bioadhesives, but they do identify the variables that are important to the bioadhesion process. Mucoadhesion defined as attachment of synthetic or natural materials to mucosal tissues has been widely exploited in pharmaceutical forms. The mechanisms of interactions between polymers and mucus. Mucoadhesion theories and mechanisms there are several general theories that can explain mucoadhesion such as electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fraction. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been presented to explain the mechanisms involved. May 02, 2014 mucoadhesion defined as attachment of synthetic or natural materials to mucosal tissues has been widely exploited in pharmaceutical forms. Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic force. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system linkedin slideshare.
Kruskals gamma tests established a monotonic relationship between detaching forces and. Nevertheless, two basic steps are generally accepted. Five theories being proposed to explain the mucoadhesion phenomena are wetting, adsorption, diffusion, electrical and fracture theories. Till today, six theories have been proposed which can improve our understanding for the phenomena of adhesion. Mucoadhesive agents generally increase the viscosity of the formulation and, thus, result in prolonged adhesion at the intended site of. Traditionally, mucoadhesives are used to enhance drug.
The mucoadhesive process is a blend of these theories. Qapa l journal of quality assurance and pharma analysis. There are six general theories of adhesion that have been adapted for the investigation of. Mucoadhesion is currently explained by six theories. Theories of bioadhesion mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been presented to explain the mechanism involved.
These theories include mechanicalinterlocking, electrostatic. Theories of mucoadhesion the process of mucoadhesion is mainly based on formation of two types of bond between bio adhesive system and mucus membrane and they are. Theories of adhesion there are six general theories of adhesion, which have been adapted for the investigation of mucoadhesion 11,14,15. One of the proposed theories in mucoadhesion is the adsorption theory.
There are six classical theories which have resulted from studies on the performance of several. Theories of mucoadhesion the phenomena of bioadhesion occur by a complex mechanism. Mucoadhesive polymers in the treatment of dry x syndrome. The mucosal layer is covered entirely by mucus, where the most abundant components are mucins. For an overview, the theories explained by different researchers are summarized by table 1. These theories include mechanical interlocking, electrostatic, diffusion interpenetration, adsorption and fracture processes. Disease state and mucin turn over are the important physiological factors, which can also affect mucoadhesion. Kruskals gamma tests established a monotonic relationship between detaching forces and roughness, signi. Mucoadhesive drud delivery system linkedin slideshare.
Prashant kumar singh, department of pharmaceutics1, bundelkhand university, jhansi, india. After an initial contact between two surfaces, the material. Prabhakar a a school of pharmacy and technology management, svkm s nmims university. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion the mucoadhesive mucosa interaction various theories mucoadhesion 7 future prospective about the editors dr. These systems remain in close contact with the absorption tissue, the mucous membrane. Step i, the contact stage, in which an intimate contact between. These include dry or partially hydrated dosage forms contacting surfaces with substantial mucus layers typically particulates administered into the nasal cavity. Mar 19, 2016 mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system. Since the early 1980,the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
Mucoadhesion theories and mechanisms there are several general theories that can explain mucoadhesion such as electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fraction theory and mechanical theory. According to the adsorption theory, later an initial contact between two surfaces the material adheres because of surface forces acting between the atoms in the two surfaces. Review brazilian journal of pharmaceutical sciences vol. These theories include mechanicalinterlocking, electrostatic, diffusion. Mechanism of mucoadhesion 12 mucoadhesion is twostep process describes the.
Mucoadhesion, the state in which two materials, amongst which one is biological in nature, adhere to each other for extended periods of time with the help of interfacial forces, provides an attractive. Lee, park, robinson, 2000 had described the mechanism of mucoadhesion in four different approaches. Mechanism of mucoadhesion theories of mucoadhesion 1. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved.
Mucoadhesive electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery systems. A general mechanism of mucoadhesion drug delivery system is show in figure the mucoadhesive must spread. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption. There are six general theories of adhesion that have been adapted for the investigation of mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system. There are six classical theories which have resulted from studies on the performance of several materials and polymer polymer adhesion. Acaaddemmiicc s ccii eenncess international journal of.
The electronic theory suggests that electron transfer occurs. The various advantages associated with these systems made buccal drug delivery as a novel route of drug administration. Various theories of adhesion have been suggested, but none has still been categorically accepted. Stages of mucoadhesion hysiology of mucous membrane, factors mucosa interaction, ionic bonds.
Till today, six theories have been proposed which can improve our understanding for the phenomena of adhesion and can also be extended to explain the mechanism of bioadhesion. Polymers used in the mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive process. Furthermore, different factors affecting mucoadhesion, methods of evaluation of.
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